Inequality refers to differences in people’s access to resources, opportunities, rights, services, representation, or power. It occurs when certain individuals or groups receive advantages while others face repeated barriers or disadvantages.

Inequality can take many forms. Economic inequality concerns differences in income and wealth. Educational inequality involves unequal access to quality learning. Digital inequality may involve limited access to devices, the internet, digital skills, or accessible technology. Social and political inequality can affect whose voices are heard and who participates in decision-making.

These forms of inequality are often connected. For example, a person living in poverty may have reduced access to education, healthcare, transportation, technology, or employment. Disability, gender, age, ethnicity, migration status, and place of residence may create additional barriers.

Understanding inequality requires more than recognising that people have different circumstances. It involves asking whether social systems provide fair opportunities and whether some groups face barriers that can be changed through policies, services, accessibility, and inclusive community action.